When can we talk about mastitis?
Mastitis, or breast inflammation, refers to the inflammation of the breast tissue. This condition is typically accompanied by swelling, pain, redness, and warmth in the affected area, and flu-like symptoms may also be present.
The symptoms can appear suddenly, from one hour to the next, or they may develop gradually over a few days, becoming progressively more severe.
Types of mastitis
- Non-infectious mastitis
This type is usually caused by a blockage of the milk ducts. When milk becomes engorged and the ducts are blocked, milk leaks into the breast tissue, creating a “sterile inflammation.” The blockage can occur externally (due to nipple edema, milk blebs, or blocked pores) or internally (due to cysts, scars, or tumors).
- Infectious mastitis
Infectious mastitis most commonly occurs when bacteria enter through a damaged, infected nipple, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most common pathogen. If left untreated, mastitis can lead to the formation of an abscess, which is why early detection and proper treatment are crucial.
Prevention of mastitis
One of the most effective ways to prevent mastitis is regular emptying of the breast, which can be ensured through proper breastfeeding technique and correct positioning of the baby on the breast. It is essential that the baby has access to the breast whenever needed, and night feedings should not be skipped.
Things to keep in mind during the holidays
During the holidays, we tend to wear tight, uncomfortable clothing and bras with underwire, which can constrict the milk ducts and lead to blockages.
During stressful periods, it’s easy to forget about breastfeeding, which can lead to engorgement. Traditional holiday foods, rich in saturated fats, can contribute to inflammation, as high intake of saturated fats has been linked to an increase in inflammatory conditions. Together, these factors—along with others—can easily lead to mastitis. Therefore, it’s important to pay attention to both our own needs and those of our baby. During the holidays, it’s a good idea to dress comfortably, make time for breastfeeding, and focus on healthier eating choices.
Treatment of mastitis
It is important to emphasize that in the case of mastitis, it is not necessary to stop breastfeeding. On the contrary, offering the breast frequently helps promote healing of the inflammation and speeds up recovery. No more than 2-3 hours should pass between feedings.
If it feels comfortable, it is recommended to apply a warm compress to the breast before and during breastfeeding, while after breastfeeding, a cold compress should be placed on the affected area for a few minutes.
It is important to check if there is any injury or change in the nipple. If there is, it is advisable to seek professional help for treatment.
Gentle, careful movement of the breast helps promote circulation and facilitates the free flow of encapsulated milk and lymphatic fluid.
If breastfeeding is not possible for any reason, expressing milk is necessary, and it should be done as painlessly and gently as possible. Often, hand expression is more effective than using a pump in such cases.
Certain pain and fever medications can be used in the case of mastitis, so it’s important to consult a healthcare professional to determine which medications are safe to take while breastfeeding.
In this situation, adequate rest and plenty of fluid intake are essential for recovery.
When should we turn to a specialist?
If a fever persists for more than 24 hours and there is a lumpy, hard, tender, and painful red area on the breast that does not improve, it is advisable to seek medical help. Each case is different, and it can be helpful to discuss the symptoms with an expert.
Lactation consultants contact information:
https://ibclc.hu/ and  https://www.szoptatasitanacsadok.hu/ .
References:
- Karen Wambach és Jan Riordan: Szoptatás és humán laktáció. Semmelweis Kiadó, Budapest, 2019. pp. 331–336.
- https://lll.hu/uncategorized/mellgyulladas/
